MIM(Prisons) is a cell of revolutionaries serving the oppressed masses inside U.$. prisons, guided by the communist ideology of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
Under Lock & Key is a news service written by and for prisoners with a focus on what is going on behind bars throughout the United States. Under Lock & Key is available to U.S. prisoners for free through MIM(Prisons)'s Free Political Literature to Prisoners Program, by writing:
MIM(Prisons) PO Box 40799 San Francisco, CA 94140.
On July 19th I was escorted to the medical clinic to request liquid
nutrients, vitamins and proper directions on the re-feeding process
after hunger strike. I was denied all requests. I was specifically told
by nursing staff that CDCR officials have told all medical staff not to
intervene in the on-goings of hunger strike patients until otherwise
directed. I continued to request said items during daily nurse/medical
rounds for the days leading up to July 21st only to be denied with some
sort of unprofessional response.
On July 21, during my allotted rec time my body shut down. I fell,
hitting my head on the concrete and knocking myself unconscious for at
least two minutes. I was brought to the emergency prison hospital and
once again provided with inadequate medical care. After
blood/urine/vitals samples and testing I was told there was the
possibility of death if I were to continue hunger strike for 24 hours. I
obviously requested liquid nutrients/vitamins/etc. And I was denied. I
was told by the doctor that CDCR officials are not letting med staff
intervene in hunger strike participants and was told to go back to cell
with no medical help.
Editor: Clearly there is nothing in these new rules that could be
considered an advance for the plight of California prisoners who face
torture (and the threat of torture) in the Security Housing Units. We
print this for informational purposes for those facing this repression
and hoping to understand it better.
This is in regards to “the new rules for deciding who is a gang member
or associate and whether those prisoners are placed in a Security
Housing Unit.”
Prisoners in California: you must request and insure that your
institution makes the new rules concerning “gang validation” available
to every prisoner as they are not currently making them so. In the
meantime if you wish to receive them independent of CDCR, then you can
request them directly from the California ‘Prison Law Office.’ You
should also request the new ‘Pilot Program Memorandum’ concerning the
new validation process as this has also not been made available to many
prisoners. You can also request the newly revised criteria for the ‘Step
Down Porgram’ (SDP) as the Title 15 California Code of Regulations has
not yet been changed to reflect these changes. “The new rules are being
phased in between October 2012 and summer 2013 and will be in effect at
all CDCR prisons. The pilot program will last for two years while the
CDCR evaluates whether it is”effective.”
What are the main changes under the Pilot program?
The validation and housing rules now refer to a broader category of
“security threat groups” STG which includes prison gangs, disruptive
and/or street gangs;
When validating prisoners as STG affiliates, the CDCR will continue to
take into account similar types of “source items” as under prior gang
validation rules. However, there is a new “point” system by which
different sources carry different weights. There must be three source
items adding up to at least 10 points to validate a prisoner as a STG
affiliate, replacing the old rule that just required three source items.
To be current, evidence of STG behavior must have occurred within the
previous four years.
STG behavior or possession of STG contraband are now listed as
administrative rules violations. STG related directing, controlling,
disruptive or violent behavior is a serious rule violation. STG behavior
is that which promotes, furthers or assists a STG. There is a matrix
setting forth the consequences of STG related rule violations on housing
and program status for validated STG affiliates or former
affiliates.
What will happen to prisoners who were validated as gang affiliates
before the pilot program took effect?
“According to CDCR headquarters staff, the DRB (Departmental Review
Board) reviews will be conducted at each prison and prisoners can attend
their review hearings. The reviews have already started, but it is not
known how long it will take to complete review of approximately 3000
prisoners who were validated as gang affiliates prior to October 2012.
Although there are no rules regarding when current SHU prisoners will be
reviewed, it appears that the CDCR is starting with the associates who
have been in the SHU the longest.
“Prisoners who are released from SHU as a result of the case-by-case DRB
reviews (or who were released from SHU under the old rules for inactive
gang members) can be placed in SDP for confirmed STG behavior, for
getting one serious STG-related rule violation, or for getting two
STG-related administrative rule violations within a 12 month period.
Prisoners can also be sent to the SDP based on newly received
information from other law enforcement agencies or from outside CDCR’s
jurisdiction; the STG behavior must have occurred within the last four
years and the source information must total at least 10 additional
validation score points.
“Validated prisoners who were already serving indeterminate SHU terms
prior to the enactment of the pilot program will not be re-validated
under the new process and criteria. Instead each of those prisoners will
be reviewed by the DRB to determine if the prisoner will remain in or be
released from the SHU.”
What are the criteria for validating prisoners as STG affiliates under
the pilot program?
“Validation as either a member or an associate requires at least three
independent source items with a combined weighted value of 10 points or
greater coupled with information/activity indicative of membership or
association. At least one of the source items must be a direct link to a
current or former validated STG member or associate, or to a person who
was validated within six months of the activity described in the source
item.
“The types of validation source items that can be considered are the
same as those used by the CDCR in the past. However, the different
assigned so that some items are weighted more heavily than others. The
points assigned more heavily than others. The points assigned to the
various categories are as follows:
“Two points: symbols e.g., hand signs, graffiti, distinctive clothing),
written materials that are not in the personal possession of the
prisoner (e.g. membership or enemy lists, constitutions, codes, training
material) Three points: association with validated STG affiliates
information information, debriefing reports Four points: written
materials that are in personal possession of the prisoner, photos that
are no more than four years old, CDCR staff observations, information
form other agencies, visitors known to promote or assist STG activities,
communications (e.g. phone conversations, mail, notes) Five points:
self admissions Six points: crimes committed for the benefit, at
direction or in association with an STG, tattoos or body
markings Seven points: official legal documents showing STG conduct”
What is the process for validating prisoners as STG affiliates under the
pilot program?
“The process for validation under the pilot program is quite similar to
the CDCR’s previous validations process, although the titles of some of
the staff and the names of the forms have been changed.”
Where are validated STG affiliates housed?
“Under the pilot program, some STG affiliates must be placed in the Step
Down Program which generally requires placement in SHU. However, some
STG affiliates can remain in the general population. Where the validated
prisoner is housed will depend on the level of STG involvement and/or
the prisoner’s behavior:
“An STG-1 member will be placed in the SDP
“An STG-1 associate will be placed into the SDP if any of the validation
source items involve serious rule violations for STG behavior that are
SHU-able offenses.
“An STG-II member or associate will be placed into the SDP if at least
two of the validation source items involve serious rule violations for
STG behavior that are SHU-able offenses. Otherwise, and STG II member or
associate shall be housed in the general population or other appropriate
housing (This also applies to the previous STG-1 definition)
“And STG-II member or associate will be sent to the SDP if found guilty
of two STG related rule violations which are SHU-able offenses per 15
CCR 3341.5 (c) (9). Prisoners can also be moved to higher validation
levels based on newly received information from other law enforcement
agencies or from outside CDCR’s jurisdiction; the STG behavior must have
occurred within the last four years and the source information must
total at least 10 additional validation score points.
“Once a prisoner is in the SDP he/she must complete four steps to return
to non-segregated housing. However, a prisoner does not need to
acknowledge or admit to being an STG-affiliate”
Can validated STG affiliates debrief?
“…Prisoners who are validated as STG-II affiliates can debrief while
they are in the SDP, although they may also be allowed to debrief if
they are housed elsewhere such as in general population or a regular
SHU. The procedures for debriefing are somewhat similar to those under
CDCR’s previous rules in 15 CDCR 3378.1 through 3378.3. One important
difference is that there is no longer a requirement that a debriefing
prisoner serve an observation period prior to being in the Transitional
Housing Unit (THU).
Note: “In a recent court case, a court held that a jailhouse lawyer’s
possession of a validated gang associate’s chronos for use in preparing
legal documents could not serve as validation source item. Since CDCR
rules say that prisoners can possess other prisoners documents to assist
them with legal work. Because none of the other source items in the
validation packet provided a direct link to gang members, the court
vacated the validation and ordered the CDCR to release the prisoner from
segregation.” See: In re Villa (2012) 209 Cal. App. 4th 838 (a
de-publication request and consideration for review are pending as of
12/17/12)
The aforementioned new criteria and rules and regulations as listed here
is in no way comprehensive, but is merely the most pertinent to the
prisoner population. For a more comprehensive copy of the new STG
validation, placement and debriefing memo get at your MAC reps and make
them do their jobs! or do it yourself and request these documents from
the administration at your prison or write the prison law office at:
Prison Law Office, General Delivery, San Quentin, CA 94964-0001
And once you get a copy, try to make enough copies for every building,
dorm, etc. on your yard and put them somewhere everyone can see them,
such as the dayroom; and spread the word!
As day 30 of our hunger strike comes to an end with nothing being
resolved it was good to hear that our plight is being heard and shared
out there. Also it strengthens us to hear all the b.s. that our captors
are doing just to discourage us. Yet, many of us have learned from prior
experience that they would stop at nothing to quiet down our movement.
Despite it all we continue with it all.
The recent update is that close to 50 remain and almost all of us,
except a small number, have gone “man down” and taken to be placed on IV
support in the infirmary here. Only to be brought back a few hours
later, feeling a little better and continuing on (in agony) on hunger
strike. Though we’ve received promises of change, we have yet to see
anything on paper. Until then we shall continue, I just hope no more
have to perish because these captors refuse to be human.
On 7/30/13 (day 23 of the hunger strike) at approximately 1pm, prisoners
on my tier began alerting adjustment center custody staff that one of
the hunger strike participants was unresponsive. Prisoners kept yelling
“man down, man down!” and banging on their doors until a goon squad was
formed. One member of that goon squad was Officer Persaud, who
sarcastically ordered the semi-conscious man down to come to the door
and cuff up. During this potentially life threatening delay, the man
down actually found strength to get his hands behind his back and
through the solid door’s food port. The prisoner reports he was then
held by his wrists and then by the cuff chain as a mechanical issue
getting the cell door to open ensued. Ultimately Persaud let go of the
cuff chain and the prisoner then explains he fell face first into the
concrete floor. The door was finally opened and the goon squad stormed
in as if pouncing, ordering the prisoner to stand up.
The same day a second man down situation followed, with a similar
response. Custody staff are expressing blatant resentment and disrespect
toward participants in the hunger strike. It is my suggestion to those
pigs that if their current job is not to their liking they should go
back to “Bob’s Burgers” or convince their torture unit overlords to
grant the
reasonable
requests for basic human needs set for in the open letter, instead
of throwing vigilante green wall style shit fits.
29 July 2013 - The hunger strike seems to be struggling along. Corcoran
Security Housing Unit stopped running yard for about a week. CDCR seems
to be about to implement the “step down program” here at California
State Prison - Corcoran SHU. And its so-called “conditional inactive
release, monitored status” for guys who are being reviewed for inactive
status by CDC DRB (review board). From what I’ve heard, guys aren’t
biting on the “banana-in-the-tailpipe” bullshit.
29 July 2013 - On July 8th the hunger strike went as planned and
continued until Friday. On Saturday 7/13 prisoners ate and also on
Sunday. However, again on 7/15/13 some resumed the hunger strike [at
California Correctional Instiution].
Medical personnel are coming by to check on us here hunger striking. We
are not getting our weight taken nor blood pressure. Medical staff are
just asking us if we’re ok. A memo was given out before the strike
saying we are able to get 2 appliances, a typewriter and other various
items: shorts, bowl, tumbler, unlimited soups in canteen. But this stuff
cannot be realized or verified as I haven’t seen anybody get a lot of
soups, radio/typewriter or cup and bowl.
No prison official has come by to ask of what’s going on or what,
although a C/O came by and asked if we are hunger striking and if so
what for. I haven’t heard of anyone going to medical so far. Mail is
going slow and only about a couple pieces a section are getting passed
out.
Day 15 of the
Death
Row SHU (adjustment center) hunger strike. Almost 50 participating
and the administration is scratching its ass in frustration, using every
dirty track in the book (operational procedure [OP608]).
After 3 days we’re official hunger strikers. Within only 2 days we were
getting set up to be declared “leaders” by a sergeant or lieutenant
under the guise of negotiations. By day 5 the facility captain started
sweating us. At this point our peaceful action shows potential to expose
human rights violations due to imminent media attention, so prison
officials hoping to cover things up deem this a disruption to facility
operations while part of their clique forms an Institutional
Classification Committee (ICC) which then threatens us with a Rules
Violation Report based on their wild stretch interpretation of 15 CCR
3315 (a)(2)(L). This makes each of us a documented/validated participant
in a Security Threat Group (STG) action (OP608, sec419 B.m.n.). If that
fails to halt the advance of our struggle for basic human needs, CDCR’s
playbook then calls for an intensified sensory deprivation program to be
implemented (OP608, Sec. 419 C/Sec. 815). All this clearly demonstrates
CDCR’s premeditated response to our peaceful action is the continuation
of violent torture methods with malice under the guise of “security.”
Course of action: everyone simply states they have nothing to say. Thus,
nobody provides evidence of being “leader” or “an organizer” through
individual testimony. The open letter with its
list
of demands speaks for itself in behalf of us all, participating or
not, while our non-violent participation in the struggle is an action
which speaks louder than mere words. We’re simply allowing CDCR’s
twisted response to unravel, thus exposing their premeditated malice
which they have reworded in the OP608.
11 July 2013 - As you well know we are demonstrating and will continue
until demands or compromise is met!
As of now everything is running smoothly! All basic modified program -
regular medical ducats, regular nurse/pill rounds, regular C/O security
checks, nobody in my general area has complaints of negligent or abusive
behavior.
Just got word of cell extractions being done to certain individuals in
some buildings.
They’ve passed out CDC 128A forms regarding future discipline if
behavior persists.
I received a letter from California Prison Focus in Oakland, it was
almost one month 1ate! An obvious stall tactic. It was in regards to the
7/13 rally/march in front of CSP-Corcoran asking to let loved
ones/friends know.
No weight checks or medical checks as of now (5:00 pm). Institutional
procedure not being followed.
Thank you.
13 July 2013 - Day Six: No weight/med-health checks as of now. Man down
response time was thirty minutes yesterday. Rally/march is active
outside the walls!
Regular C.O./Sgt/Med staff checks have ceased. Most of us are single
cell by choice and won’t receive cellmates during demonstration. Nothing
more we can do at this point. C.O./Sgt/Med staff definitely not
following proper procedure.
Please contact my family if something happens to me.
MIM(Prisons) adds: Hundreds of people did rally outside of
Corcoran State Prison on 13 July 2013 in the brutal heat to show support
for the strikers inside. Those on the outside who want to support the
struggle against torture in California prisons should
contact state officials
and voice your concerns and help spread the word through
demonstrations and sharing information with others.
The reports above were delayed in reaching us, but is the most recent
report we have from Corcoran. The latest from the CDCR is that 1,000
prisoners are still on strike in California early in week three. They
reported over 12,000 who met their criteria for being on a hunger strike
at the peak, and around 30,000 who participated on July 8th. They said
only one prison had a significant work stoppage. There’s no way for us
to get any better numbers than these, but the drop in numbers correlates
with the reports we’ve been getting from some. That said 1,000 people is
a lot to take it for the long haul. Outside support continues to rally
with more progressive groups and individuals signing on as supporters
and making public stands with a
coordinated
one day fast being coordinated for the end of July.
On 07-19-2013 all MDF hunger strikers suspended their hunger strike.
Below are the demands that were met by MDF command staff:
DEMAND #1 was granted in full. Classification shall tell you in writing
what you are being held in Ad-Seg for as well as program expectations to
be released from Ad-Seg.
DEMAND #2 Command staff is working to come up with a free time schedule
that follows title 15 standards. One part of this that is granted in
full is that all detainees will be given an opportunity to empty their
trash can EVERYDAY.
DEMAND #3 had 3 parts. Two parts were granted in full. MDF
medical/mental health staff shall no longer conduct ANY type of
appointment on the intercom system nor at detainees’ cell door where
private medical issues are heard by others in violation of medical
privacy laws (HIPPA). The third part of allowing Ad-Seg detainees’ to
reach medical triage on the phone systems, as all other modules do, is
still being worked on with command staff.
DEMAND #4 Command staff informed classification to ONLY house mentally
ill inmates on D-module as a last resort.
DEMAND #5 was granted in full. ALL MDF detainees’ will be allowed to
purchase ink pen fillers from canteen. Also necessary photo copies will
be made for detainees’ filing court documents. These will be implemented
in a reasonable time frame.
It is in good faith that we suspend our hunger strike and that MDF
command staff will continue to implement our 5 Core Demands. MDF command
staff has been very open to our ideas. With the exception of DR. DENNIS
MCBRIDE who tried to guide detainees’ into refusing water as well as
food. We hope all other hunger strikers can get some much needed
relief on their demands. If this does not occur we will resume our
hunger strike. Special thank you to our loved ones on the streets,
all organizations and media outlets who covered our struggle, as well as
Sarah Shroud, Shane Bauer- Welcome home & Dan Horowitz, Nicole,
Lesli and Mikes sister.
MIM(Prisons) responds: See the original
article
announcing the Martinez demands where we address the shortcomings of
their demands, which included segregating mentally ill prisoners. The
victories here are small reforms riding on the coat tails of the central
struggle here, which is to shut down long-term isolation. Control units
were originally created to separate leaders from the general population.
But this division has been two-fold in that now the interests of those
in control units are not felt as dearly by those in general population.
Even so, the last few weeks have shown a great level of consciousness
among the whole prison population about the inhumane conditions those
comrades in SHU and Ad-Seg face. We hope those who stood up in Martinez
continue to support that struggle, which is really central to the prison
movement itself. Without a prison movement, prisoners have no real means
of addressing abuse, which can be so common in prison.
To: Sheriff David O. Livingston, Under Sheriff Michael
V. Casten and All Martinez Detention Facility Command Staff, Deputies
and Officials
From: Pretrial Detainees, Inmates, Prisoners and Civil
Commitments housed in Administrative Segregation (Ad-Seg) in D-Module at
Martinez Detention Facility
PLEASE TAKE
NOTICE: On Monday 8 July 2013, detainees housed in Ad-Seg
will actively be taking part in the hunger strike being implemented
statewide by prisoners, inmates, detainees (etc.) confined under
unconstitutional conditions in California state prisons and jails.
Martinez Detention Facility (MDF) Ad-Seg detainees support the core and
supplemental demands of our partners in Pelican Bay Prison Ad-Seg/SHU
programs and we join them in opposition of their, and ALL,
unconstitutional conditions of confinement in all California state
prisons and jails.
MDF Ad-Seg detainees hereby also provide notice of our own 5 Core
Demands to stop unconstitutional conditions of confinement blatantly
enforced here at MDF.
CORE DEMAND 1
MDF Ad-Seg detainees demand Sheriff/Jail officials immediately cease and
desist the unconstitutional custom, practice, and unofficial policy of
placing detainees in Ad-Seg without any due process. Some detainees have
been held in Ad-Seg indefinitely (over 5 years) without any notice,
hearing or due process required by Constitutional Law. If a detainee
submits a request or grievance on the issue, they receive a response
from classification only stating “you are housed appropriately.”
CORE DEMAND 2
MDF Ad-Seg detainees demand Sheriff/Jail officials immediately cease and
desist the unconstitutional custom, practice and unofficial policy of
locking detainees in filthy cells with no windows or light controls for
48 hours (or more) before being allowed out of our cell for 1 hour to
shower, groom, use phone, exercise and inadequately attempt to clean our
cells.
Detainees request that they be allowed out of their cells for at least 1
hour daily in the morning, afternoon or evening and also be allowed to
shave daily as state regulations require.
Incorporated within this demand, detainees also seek a provision for a
daily opportunity to clean their cells. Currently detainees are only
allowed (every 48 hours or longer) a broom, dust pan, and a mop. They
are not provided with disinfectant, toilet bowl cleaner, rags, or any
other cleaning supplies to adequately clean cells. Detainees must also
keep trash (from 6 meals) in their cells for 48 hours or more.
CORE DEMAND 3
MDF Ad-Seg detainees demand Sheriff/Jail officials immediately cease and
desist the unconstitutional custom, practice and unofficial policy of
daily holding medical and mental health appointments at the detainees’
cell doors which allows all other detainees to hear the confidential
medical/mental health issues. This is in violation of the “Medical Act
and Privacy Rights.” Detainees also seek the equal protection of a
“TRIAGE” phone line as other MDF detainees on other modules are
provided.
CORE DEMAND 4
MDF Ad-Seg detainees demand Sheriff/Jail officials immediately cease and
desist the unconstitutional custom, practice and unofficial policy of
improperly housing inmates with mental health issues among the
non-mental-health-status Ad-Seg detainees. Currently all Ad-Seg
detainees are subject to the behaviors, problems, actions and disorders
of the mental health status Ad-Seg inmates which include:
Loud yelling/banging all night, keeping detainees awake.
Getting feces and urine thrown under detainees doors.
Delusional actions/comments against or towards detainees.
Spitting through detainee doors or on glass.
Feces, urine, debris etc. in shower, hot water pot, on floor
Breaking and/or destroying hair clippers/shavers, preventing other
detainees from using for court, visits, etc.
CORE DEMAND 5
MDF Ad-Seg detainees demand Sheriff/Jail officials immediately cease and
desist the unconstitutional custom, practice and unofficial policy of
denying all MDF detainees access to pens to submit legal work to the
courts, nor copying provisions for our writs and other valid legal
documents to the court. Also, there is no readily continuous access to a
pencil sharpener which is often broken, preventing detainees from
writing legal documents and/or sending letters to family and friends for
weeks.
There are many more unconstitutional conditions of confinement here at
MDF. Those are 5 of the most egregious which we present as issues.
Detainees will be hunger striking to correct, beginning Monday 8 July
2013.
Detainees peacefully and respectfully request that Contra Costa County
Sheriff Office engage in swift and prompt actions to correct these
unconstitutional conditions of confinement.
MDF Hunger Strike Representative
MIM(Prisons) responds: While we support the hunger strike going
on in Martinez Detention Facility, we would like to warn against
creating unnecessary divisions between prisoners. We have reported in
the past that mental health status is greatly exacerbated by the
conditions of imprisonment generally, and especially of long-term
isolation. Often times these prisoners are put in isolation (or even
imprisoned in the first place) because of their disruptive behavior
stemming from their mental illness, which does nothing to improve their
condition.
Not only does imprisonment worsen the condition of those who already
suffer from mental illness, but it can, and does, induce mental illness
in people who would otherwise not suffer from delusions, post traumatic
stress disorder, anxiety, sensitivity to light, noise, and touch,
suicidal thoughts, etc. It is well documented,(1) and MIM(Prisons) has
witnessed first hand, that the state uses long-term isolation as a
tactic to specifically wreck the mental health of prisoners who are
engaged in political work and organizing.
While we understand the impact that this disruptive behavior has on this
contributor’s ability to sleep and focus, we worry that a demand to send
mentally ill prisoners “away” would lead to further isolation and
deterioration.
Mental illness isn’t caused by inadequacies within individuals, but is
instead a symptom of all the irreconcilable contradictions in our
society. Mental illness has systemic roots. Therefore, all short-term
solutions to help people with mental illness in this country are just
bandaids on gaping wounds. Reported in Serve the People:
Observations on Medicine in the People’s Republic of China, a book
by Victor and Ruth Sidel, all mental health conditions in communist
China under Mao were cured except for some extreme cases of
schizophrenia, and those who had previously been suffering became
productive members of society. Reasons for this turnaround include not
only relief from stressors which had previously led people to mental
illness – severe gender oppression, inability to survive or thrive, etc.
– but also a flood of resources dedicated to mental health research and
application which hadn’t been possible before when society was organized
based on the profit motive.
Around 1971, the Sidels wrote,
The methods currently being used to treat mental illness are collective
help, self-reliance, drug therapy, acupuncture, “heart-to-heart talks,”
follow-up care, community ethos, productive labor, the teachings of Mao
Tse-tung, and “revolutionary optimism.”
They go on to explain in detail what each of these methods consists of.
Similar to how feudalism in pre-liberation China led many wimmin to
suicide, it is clear that most mental illness is a direct result of our
capitalist and imperialist society. The most stark example of this being
the post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by at least 20% of U.$.
veterans of the Iraq and Afghan wars.(2) Hearing any account from a
member of Iraq Veterans Against the War, you can see that a large
contributing factor to the PTSD is the unjust nature of these wars;
killing for no reason. In People’s War, the cause is just (self-defense)
and the aim isn’t to murder and intimidate, but to liberate the most
oppressed and create a better world for everyone. That is quite a
contrast.
We know it is difficult to organize in Ad-Seg, and we know it is
especially difficult to organize with people who are in the middle of
full-blown mental illness. But we still encourage our comrades to look
for ways for prisoners to come together against their common enemy and
to fight on behalf of the common good of all prisoners and oppressed
people generally. A more progressive demand than number 4 above would be
an end to solitary confinement for all prisoners. For more on our
perspective on mental health, see
Under Lock &
Key 15 or
MIM
Theory 9: Psychology & Imperialism.