In the last year there’s been some struggle over MIM(Prisons)’s six main
points. This is a good thing, as it indicates emerging Maoist cells
trying to reconcile what does and should unite us. The focus of issue 54
of Under Lock & Key is tactics. Tactics are not what unite
us. Tactics is the realm where we need many cells trying many different
things. Tactics are guided by line and strategy, but are much more
flexible over shorter time periods and therefore require creativity that
is in touch with the masses.
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, or Maoism for short, is MIM(Prisons)’s
political line. Maoism does not tell us whether putting money into one
big advertisement or thousands of little fliers will have the greater
effect. Maoism also doesn’t tell us whether a hunger strike will be more
effective than a legal battle. These are tactical questions.
Dividing Lines or Dividing Over Tactics
In the last year, a cell that we considered part of the broader Maoist
Internationalist Movement (MIM) split with MIM(Prisons) over what we saw
as a tactical question. Maoists should never split over tactical
questions; this is the theoretical importance of distinguishing between
line, strategy and tactics.
We pushed this cell to present their split in terms of ideological line
in relation to our six main points. The response was that they uphold
the six main points but believe there are other issues to split over,
such as promoting white supremacy, which they accused MIM(Prisons) of
doing. They came to this conclusion after MIM(Prisons) did not print a
statement criticizing the actions of prison activists that we have no
affiliation with. This cell had a history of working closely with
MIM(Prisons) over many years. And despite all the work we have done in
that time (work that they admit challenged white supremacy) they were
willing to split with us over this one action (or lack of action).
We see this as an error in how one should assess other cells. A cell,
just as an individual, should be assessed on the whole. If a cell has
acted according to one line for years, but did one thing that you see as
violating that line, you probably should not split with that cell. That
would be an ultra-left error, because you are expecting others to be
perfect. Once it has been established by a pattern of actions that a
cell has shifted its line and violated cardinal principles, then it
would be correct to stop working with and possibly publicly criticize
that cell.
In this particular case, MIM(Prisons) was condemned, not for
participating in an event perceived to be white supremacist in nature,
but for not condemning it. In contrast, MIM(Prisons) would argue that in
most cases even if we had participated in this one event, that would
still not be sufficient reason to split. You might publicly condemn the
event yourself, but this should not rise to the level of creating splits
in the Maoist Internationalist Movement. Willingness to split over
non-cardinal issues is a threat to our ability to consolidate our forces
in this country where individualism and splitism prevail. (To clarify,
division of labor into collaborating cells is not the same as a split.)
If a cell does promote a campaign that caters to white nationalism, then
one should criticize that based on our 4th point on the First World
labor aristocracy being a force for imperialism, and as a violation of
the Maoist line that oppressed nations have a right to
self-determination. As anti-imperialists, supporting the labor
aristocracy and undermining oppressed-nation self-determination is a no
no. And a consistent practice of doing this indicates an underlying
incorrect line that is a cause for splitting.
Principles of Line or Strategy?
Another MIM cell recently questioned why MIM(Prisons) put forth 6
points, adding on to the
3
cardinal principles that have historically defined the MIM.(see p. 2
of ULK) While we do present our 6 points in place of the 3
cardinals, it was not necessarily to say that the 3 cardinals were
insufficient to define who is a communist. However, we must admit that
we created confusion there.
The origin of our 6 main points is twofold. Our first goal with the six
main points was to distinguish ourselves in the eyes of our readers. We
were frustrated with the countless letters from people telling us to
work with other groups, stop criticizing other groups and just unite
around our common fight for justice. We wanted to succinctly
differentiate ourselves from the countless organizations out there.
Point 1 separates us from the Liberals, and in point 2 we split from the
anarchists. Neither of those points were necessary in MIM’s 3 cardinals,
because all those claiming to be communists already agree on those two
points. Point 3 separated us from the Trotskyists and neo-Trostkyists
whose idealism leads them to unite with the petty-bourgeoisie in the
First World while criticizing the bourgeois forces in the Third World
even when they are fighting against imperialism. Points 4-6 are
essentially the MIM cardinals.
While the 3 cardinals, as MIM came to refer to them, are nice and
succinct dividing line points, they originally appeared in a greater
context of a piece entitled “Who is a communist?” in the second edition
of What is MIM?, which discusses concepts like “the abolition of
power of people over people,” “a communist party… is necessary,”
“democratic centralism,” and “general unity with all other groups and
outbreaks against imperialism.”
The second contextual thing to understand about our 6 points is that
they were developed in the early years of our organization, when those
in the MIM camp were figuring out how to relate to each other as
separate cells/organizations. It was also a period of fierce struggle
against those promoting a third way in the post-9/11 Middle East, while
framing the struggles there as “McWorld vs. Jihad.” Therefore, our point
3 became, in the eyes of many organizations at that time, a dividing
line question. The original MIM comrades, in fact, pushed this line hard
to expose revisionists allying with the U.$. state department. While it
is often tied up with the labor aristocracy question, it stands alone as
its own point.
Mao’s practice on building the united front of classes in oppressed
countries, and eir theoretical writings on this topic contributed to our
line on the subject and the development of point 3. We can also take
lessons from the rectification movement of the Communist Party of the
Philippines to find universal line lessons on united front building.
However, in practice, who to form united fronts with is really a
strategic question, as the answer may change as the strategic stage of
struggle changes.
Mao’s contribution on united front work was based on the assessment of
the principal contradiction being between the oppressed nations and
imperialism. Some seventy years later, we can say this is still the
situation. But someday it will change. That is what makes our point 3 a
strategic question and not a universal line question. From the early
days of MIM, differences on the assessment of the principal
contradiction have been a primary point of criticism MIM made of
revisionist parties. That said, MIM never said the principal
contradiction or united front was a cardinal principle.
In our point 2, we point out the need for a Joint Dictatorship of the
Proletariat of the Oppressed Nations (JDPON) in order to implement
socialism in the imperialist countries. This is MIM Thought, a logical
application of MIM’s line on the labor aristocracy to the universal
communist principle of the need for a dictatorship of the proletariat.
It is also a strategy question, that does not necessarily have universal
application.
Who Defines the Cardinals?
“The materialist approach to cardinal principles stresses an examination
of actual history, not just our own vivid imaginations of how the world
SHOULD BE. We materialists do not take splitting the proletariat and its
vanguard party lightly. We form only as many cardinal principles as are
necessary to unmask the enemy’s attempts to infiltrate us or divert us
to a less efficient road to communism.” - MC5(1)
The cell structure complicates things further. For with a centralized
organization MIM could say that if you agree on these three points and
the need for a party then you should join ours. Then you are obligated
to accept our other lines until you convince the party to change them.
With many small cells there is not democratic centralism on line in this
way, and we could see many disagreements on many non-cardinal issues.
This could lead to confusion and division in the movement. Therefore we
caution all MIM cells to carefully think out their positions before
disagreeing with historical MIM line and the lines of other contemporary
cells.
At the same time, we must not hold dogmatically to MIM Thought frozen in
time of 2006 or earlier. The three cardinals themselves evolved over the
years of the original MIM. While MIM formed in 1983, they did not get
serious about the third cardinal until 1987.(2) In the
MIM
Notes archive, which is incomplete for these early years, it is
issue
42 from June 1990 when we first see the 3 cardinals presented as
such. However, the paper version of issue 42 does not feature the 3
cardinals, so this seems to have been added to the web version after the
fact. MIM Notes Issue 50 (March 1991) does have the 3 cardinals
listed in the paper version. In 1999, MIM expanded the 3rd cardinal to
include reference to Marx, Engels and Lenin, describe the oppressor
nation labor aristocracy as a petty bourgeois class and specifically
list which countries this line applies to.(3)
In practice, MIM used the 3 cardinal principles to determine fraternal
status.(4) This came up most strongly when it decided that the third
cardinal applied internationally and not just to First World parties,
thus cutting its direct promotion of some who were practicing People’s
War in the Third World. This began with the
“Resolution
on defending cardinal principles in international context,” 2002,
but it was sometime after 2002 when MIM actually stopped any promotion
of those parties.
Building MIM Today
MIM(Prisons) was
announced as a MIM cell on 8 October 2007. To this day we often
refer to
“Maoism
Around Us,” published in May 2009, when discussing these issues.
This was one of what could be considered the founding documents of
MIM(Prisons). While our ideology was already represented in the
expansive work of MIM, in that article we addressed the situation we
found ourselves in as the original centralized organization of MIM had
ceased to exist. In it we pointed out that the MIM lives on, by the same
definition as it always has. We continued to print MIM’s 3 cardinal
principles in most issues of Under Lock & Key.
It was after our first official congress in July of 2010 that
MIM(Prisons) put out our six main points. Since then we have referred to
them as our “cardinal points” once or twice, and printed them in every
issue of ULK with a similar tagline as we once printed MIM’s
three cardinals: “MIM(Prisons) distinguishes ourselves from other groups
on the six points below.”
As we’ve said before, we need more Maoist Internationalist cells.
Topical cells that focus on gender, ecology and the environment, and
anti-militarism are all good candidates. And there is an endless need
for locality-based cells that focus on local recruitment and building
around popular movements in the region that align with the interests of
the Third World proletariat. But us saying this does not make them
appear out of thin air. As we gain small victories in recruiting
comrades outside prisons, we wonder if the MIM needs institutions that
can allow those who agree on the 3 cardinals to join up in a meaningful
way. A way that provides coordination without sacrificing security,
independent initiative and other benefits of the cell structure. Six
months ago we set up the subreddit
/r/mao_internationalist
“to help individuals and groups allied with the
Maoist
Internationalist Movement support each others’ work.” Maybe it is
time to refocus on the 3 cardinals and push for a regroupment of MIM.
There are United Struggle from Within (USW) cells that might as well be
considered MIM cells due to their advanced political practice. And there
are prison-based cells that are in the MIM camp that are not USW, which
are usually nation-based. We support the nation-based organizing
strategy
as
a reason to form a new organization separate from USW. There is
probably no tactical advantage to identifying prison-based cells as MIM
cells, because of the repression in the prison environment, although
there is obvious theoretical advantage in summarizing a group’s line and
practice.
Being in prison limits one’s ability to coordinate with other cells
without relying on MIM(Prison). For our own organization, MIM(Prisons)
does not accept prisoners as members because it is not possible to have
democratic centralism when all our mail is read by state employees. When
coordinating between cells, we need to make similar considerations.
In most contexts that we are aware of, MIM(Prisons) is seen as the
foremost cell representing the MIM today. While we are honored by that
recognition, it is also a sign of how far we have to go. Discussion of
party formation is no more relevant today than it was ten years ago when
our organization just formed. If we cannot get more than a handful of
cells putting in work at the level that MIM(Prisons) does, how can we
build a Maoist Party? And what good would such a party do? There is no
question of seizing power in the United $tates today, where MIM(Prisons)
is based. But there is much work to do to prepare for that inevitability
as the imperialists overextend themselves militarily and the Third World
continues to strike blows against them.