Occupation of Cabanas
On 4 August 2023, 8,000 military troops and police were deployed in
the countryside province of Cabanas, El Salvador in part of the campaign
to crack down on the MS-13 and Barrio 18 lumpen organizations (L.O.s) –
many of whom have fled to the region from the cities.(1) One thousand
police and 7,000 soldiers were deployed to set checkpoints blocking all
roads leading in and out of the area.(2) The congress of El Salvador
added new criminal codes as part of President Nayib Bukele’s war on the
two organizations that will enact mass trials based on what area they
lived in and which organization controlled that particular territory.(3)
These actions are merely an expression of Salvadoran President Nayib
Bukele’s war on lumpen organizations operating in El Salvador.
The Anti-Gang
Campaign Waged by the President
Bukele’s anti-gang campaign is best characterized as a set of “mano
dura” (“iron fist”, i.e. tough-on-crime) policies. Said policies reflect
an overall seven-phase plan offered to combat lumpen organizations known
as the “Territorial Control Plan”. As of 1 August 2023, only five of the
seven phases have made its way into the daily existence of Salvadoran
society. Those five phases are outlined as follows:
- Preparation: Increased military and police presence in
municipalities with high degrees of L.O. presence.
- Opportunity: Providing alternative opportunities to Salvadoran youth
(e.g. legal labor) to sway said youth from joining L.O.s.
- Modernization: Modernizing (or rather, militarizing) the national
police.
- Incursion: “Modernized” rehash of phase one.
- Extraction: “Extracting” the remaining L.O. members continuing L.O.
activities.(4)
While Bukele spits out anti-establishment rhetoric – painting emself
as neither left nor right, criticizing both the dominant so-called left
and right wing parties of El Salvador to do so, and claiming to offer
“innovative” nonpartisan solutions that will take care of the societal
ills plaguing the masses – eir politics and so-called solutions do
nothing but feed into the development of a militarized far-right
state.(5) In fascist fashion, Bukele exploited the concerns of the
masses, offered them a scapegoat, and targeted symptoms rather than root
cause to the contradictions that produce violence in Salvadoran society.
Interestingly enough, Bukele seems to be fully aware of this and
seemingly embraces it in an ironic fashion by self-appointing emself as
the “World’s Coolest Dictator” on Twitter.(6)
One thing to make note is that the fascism of the Third World is
imported from the First World. Bukele has had big rise through eir
business career as a comprador-bourgeois businessman, and is now in the
comprador-bourgeois state itself. The crisis of these lumpen
organizations in El Salvador has shown that imperialism’s neo-colony of
El Salvador cannot rule the way it did before, and therefore a comprador
fascist movement has been exported onto it. While Bukele’s political
support was far less overt and hands on than the likes of Pinochet of
Chile and Syngman Rhee of southern Korea, the regime’s close ties to the
Trump administration shows this trend. Bukele’s regime is now rejected
by the left-wing imperialist faction of the U$A, the Biden
administration.
The Old Ideas of Nuevas
Ideas
We define fascism as the open terroristic violence of finance capital
during a time of crisis when the bourgeois state cannot govern itself in
the way it did before. Despite the constant police/military occupation
of the ghettos, barrios, and reservations (alongside the great reversals
of abortion rights); in the context of the United $tates, this has been
the standard method of strategy exert rule onto the oppressed nations
and uphold imperialist-patriarchy. Mass imprisonment, police/military
occupation, and protracted low-intensity genocide are not the exception,
rather the rule. We believe that when global political-economic crisis
threatens U.$. imperialism, U.$. imperialism will start to crack out the
real tests of open terrorism. It is out of that reasoning that the U$A
cannot be considered fascist at this time.
On the other hand, it is arguable that the bourgeois state of El
Salvador (due to the existing crisis of the two dominant L.O.’s: MS-13
and Barrio18) cannot rule itself the way it once did before, and with
that – Bukele’s rise could be considered a fascist movement. In El
Salvador (like many third world neo-colonies) the objective conditions
of the bourgeois state is much weaker than in the U.$. The fact
horizontal-structured L.O.s such as MS-13/Barrio18 are capable of
causing intense crisis exposes this. Another big difference is the
qualitatively different anti-people nature of the lumpen-proletariat
class of the Third World compared to the First World lumpen. In this
sense, Bukele’s political movement can be considered more fascist than
Trump’s on the crisis aspect – although Trump’s mass base of imperialist
country labor aristocracy is a much stronger fuel for a fascist movement
than the crisis-jaded proletariat and petite-bourgeoisie of El Salvador
who long for a single day where ultra-violent anti-people activities are
no longer an expectation of daily existence.
Despite the strongman militarization and self-identification as the
“world’s coolest dictator,” Bukele and eir government held secret
meetings with the leaders of these organizations to lower the crime
rates. The U.$. department of treasury states:
“In 2020, Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele’s (Bukele) administration
provided financial incentives to Salvadoran gangs MS-13 and 18th Street
Gang (Barrio 18) to ensure that incidents of gang violence and the
number of confirmed homicides remained low. Over the course of these
negotiations with Luna and Marroquin, gang leadership also agreed to
provide political support to the Nuevas Ideas political party in
upcoming elections. Nuevas Ideas is the President’s political party and
won a two-thirds super majority in legislative elections in 2021. The
Bukele administration was represented in such transactions by Luna, the
Chief of the Salvadoran Penal System and Vice Minister of Justice and
Public Security, and Marroquin, Chairman of the Social Fabric
Reconstruction Unit. In addition to Salvadoran government financial
allocations in 2020, the gangs also received privileges for gang
leadership incarcerated in Salvadoran prisons, such as the provision of
mobile phones and prostitutes.
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Luna also negotiated an agreement with
gang leaders from MS-13 and Barrio 18 for the gangs’ support of
President Bukele’s national quarantine in gang-controlled areas.
Separately, Luna participated in a scheme to steal and re-sell
government purchased staple goods that were originally destined for
COVID-19 pandemic relief. These items were transferred to private
companies and then resold on the private market or back to the
government. Luna’s mother, Alma Yanira Meza Olivares (Meza), acted as
the negotiator in some of these transactions. Additionally, Luna and
Meza developed a scheme to embezzle millions of dollars from El
Salvador’s prison commissary system. They also created fraudulent job
positions within the prison system, in which supposed “employees” would
receive monthly paychecks and return most of the earnings back to Luna
and Meza.”(7)
Despite all the comprador-bourgeois fascism that came with Bukele’s
military strongman strategy to get rid of the crisis of
lumpen-proletariat violence in eir country, the independent leadership
of these anti-people L.O.s was an indispensable and unavoidable class
force in lowering the death rates. With all the talks about the
pragmatist “tough on crime” and “round them all up” narratives expressed
by the imperialist and comprador press, Bukele’s government gives money
and political immunity in exchange for political support and cooperation
of gangs. MIM(Prisons) will not be surprised if there are opportunist
and anti-people MS-13/Barrio18 members in the undemocratic injustice
system of El Salvador today who sees Bukele as their political-economic
patron and sponsor.
The facts presented above provide a case against Bukele’s
tough-on-crime policies as ineffective, yet bourgeois propaganda is a
powerful tool and these policies, due to their perceived success, may
find new homes abroad in Honduras and Guatemala.(8)(9) This sets
potential precedents for a new-wave of mano dura “solutions” throughout
Latin America.
As mentioned above, these policies (however popular and effective or
ineffective they may be) are aimed towards symptoms, not causes. However
qualitatively different the First World and Third World lumpen may be,
it is in this that there is a unifying struggle against the real cause
of their oppression – namely, imperialism. Bourgeois propaganda may be
powerful, but concrete conditions are concrete conditions and concrete
conditions require concrete solutions, not old ideas.
In social media, which Bukele’s regime has utilized greatly for
public image, whenever news reports of the humyn rights abuses in
Salvadorian prisons overcrowded with L.O. members were shown, the
comments were flooded with Amerikan chauvinists and Trump supporters
saying similar actions should be done against the oppressed nation
lumpen organizations in the United $tates. The truth is, U.$.
imperialism already often breaks their own bourgeois democratic values
when it comes to imprisoning and lumpenizing their oppressed nations.
Guilty by association policies has been a long standing practice against
Black and Latin@ masses to the point that merely being family related to
a lumpen organization member can get you labeled as part of that
organization by the pigs. The settlers/Amerikans will jeer at the
oppressed nations telling them that they don’t have it as bad as the
victims of Third World fascism while hoping and wishing for the day that
Third World fascist policies can one day become a reality within U.$.
borders. This issue’s topic of “Prisons Are War” seeks to highlight this
message and tell our readers that low
intensity genocide is already happening to them.
For revolutionary ways on handling these problems, we point to the
ways when these same lumpen organizations’ leaders
have sought to unite and abandon their anti-people ways without fascist
repression and how the FBI
murdered them for it.
Notes 1. Associated Press, 1 August
2023, El Salvador sends 8,000 troops and police officers to comb rural
province in massive anti-gang raid
2. Ibid.
3. Associated Press, 27 July 2023, El Salvador allows mass
trials for thousands imprisoned in gang crackdown
4. Paola Nagovitch, 13 February 2020, Explainer: Nayib
Bukele’s Territorial Control Plan, Americas Society/Council of the
Americas
5. Times of Israel, His Dad Was an Imam, His Wife Has Jewish
Roots: Meet El Salvador’s New Leader
6. Mat Youkee, 26 September 2021, Nayib Bukele calls himself
the ‘world’s coolest dictator’ – but is he joking?, The
Guardian
7. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 8 December 2021,
Treasury Targets Corruption Networks Linked to Transnational Organized
Crime
8.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/19/honduras-to-build-island-colony-to-imprison-gang-members
9.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/7/could-el-salvadors-gang-crackdown-spread-across-latin-america